Since the discovery of titanium in 1790, humans have embarked on a century-long arduous quest to harness its extraordinary properties. In 1910, metallic titanium was produced for the first time, but the journey to its application in alloys was long and challenging, achieving industrial production only 40 years later, in 1951.
China began research and application of liga de titânio processing in the 1960s.
Titanium alloys possess:
The weight of a titanium alloy of the same size is only 60% of that of steel, yet it has higher strength than alloy steel. Due to these excellent properties, titanium alloys are frequently used in the medical field, such as for artificial joints, bone fixation devices, and dental prostheses.
Titanium alloys are widely used in aircraft structural components and heat-resistant parts, one of the main structural materials for modern aircraft and engines, earning the title of “space metal.”
However, titanium alloys are like a fiery, untamed steed. To achieve the goal of harnessing it, one must first tame its wild nature. So, how can titanium alloys be “tamed”?
Titanium alloys have poor thermal conductivity, high hardness, and are prone to springback. Poor thermal conductivity means that during the custom processing of titanium alloys, the heat generated from friction accumulates rather than dissipates quickly, as it would with other metals, like the pots we use daily. This accumulation of heat makes titanium alloys sticky, causing the cutting tools to become brittle and wear out quickly, or even break, akin to cutting through rubber.
The high hardness of titanium alloys makes them more challenging to process than aluminum alloys used in aircraft. The time taken to process one meter of titanium alloy can be used to process 25 meters of aluminum alloy, and aluminum is less damaging to tools. However, aluminum cannot meet the required strength, making the challenging processing of titanium alloys essential. Moreover, the significant springback of titanium alloys affects machining precision, especially for thin-walled and complex-shaped parts, making the process even more difficult.
With the maturation of titanium alloy processing technology, continuous improvements in equipment and tools have enabled stable machining of ultra-large structural parts and precision complex components. Machining precision can now be maintained at 0.2 mm, with some areas achieving 0.1 mm, equivalent to the thickness of an A4 paper or even finer, significantly enhancing processing efficiency.
Techniques developed to tame this fiery steed include:
Only by taming this steed can titanium alloys be used in aerospace equipment manufacturing. With the ongoing research and exploration by the vast number of scientists in the aerospace industry, our understanding of titanium alloys will deepen, and we will have more means to tame this steed, contributing even more significantly to our aerospace endeavors!
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