specifies the requirements, 테스트 방법, 검사 규칙, 마킹, 포장, 운송, 저장, quality certificates, and contract (or purchase order) contents for titanium and 티타늄 합금 ingots. This standard applies to round ingots and rectangular ingots of titanium and titanium alloys produced by Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) and Electron Beam Cold Hearth Melting (EBCHM).
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies to this standard.
3.1 Production methods and melting cycles of ingots The production methods and melting cycles of ingots are shown in Table 1.
| 등급 | Production Method | Melting Cycles |
|---|---|---|
| All grades in GB/T 3620.1 | VAR+EBCHM | At least twice |
| EBCHM | Once |
3.2 화학 성분
3.2.1 Grade and Chemical Composition
The grade and chemical composition of titanium and titanium alloy ingots shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 3620.1.
3.2.2 Allowable Deviations in Chemical Composition
When the purchaser samples the ingot for chemical composition reanalysis, the allowable deviation of its composition shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 3620.2.
3.3 Outer Dimensions and Allowable Deviations
3.3.1 The allowable deviation of the diameter (thickness or width) of the ingot shall comply with the provisions of Table 2.
테이블 2 (단위: millimeters)
| Diameter (Thickness or Width) | ≤350 | >350-550 | >550-720 | >720-820 | >820-1040 | >1040 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allowable Deviation | +5 | +5 | +5 | +5 | +5 | +5 |
| -30 | -40 | +60 | -70 | +80 | -100 |
3.3.2 The difference between the maximum diameter (thickness or width) and the minimum diameter (thickness or width) of the same ingot should not exceed half of the allowable deviation of its diameter (thickness or width).
3.3.3 The length of the ingot and its allowable deviation should be determined through negotiation between the supplier and the purchaser and specified in the contract. The ends of the ingot should be chamfered, with a chamfer radius of no less than 20mm. The cutting angle of the ingot should not exceed 30 mm.
3.4 β Transition Temperature When requested by the purchaser and specified in the contract, the β transition temperature of titanium alloy ingots shall be determined, and the measured value shall be reported.
3.5 Ultrasonic Testing When requested by the purchaser and specified in the contract, ultrasonic testing of the ingots shall be conducted to determine the distance from the shrinkage cavity to the ingot head, and the location of the shrinkage cavity shall be prominently and securely marked on the surface of the ingot in a non-destructive manner. Ultrasonic testing is not used as a basis for judgment.
3.6 Surface Condition The surface roughness Ra of the ingot should not exceed 12.7μm.
3.7 Appearance Quality Ingots should be delivered with machined surfaces, and the surfaces of machined ingots should be smooth and flat. The side surface of the ingot should be free from defects such as cold shuts, interlayers, looseness, and machining steps. A small number of gas pores are allowed to exist, but the depth and diameter of the gas pores should not exceed 5mm. It is permissible to remove local contamination, cracks, gas pores, and other defects by planing, milling, or grinding methods. After cleaning, the ingot should meet the minimum size requirements, and the cleaned area should have a smooth transition, without steps and sharp corners. The depth-to-width ratio of the cleaned area should not exceed 1:10, and the cleaning depth should not exceed 10mm.
3.7.2 The end faces of the ingot head and tail should be flat, free from machining steps, flame cutting, splashes, or weld beads, and no open shrinkage cavities are allowed.
3.8 Ingate Treatment When requested by the purchaser and specified in the contract, the ingate should be removed.
4.1 Chemical composition analysis shall be conducted according to GB/T 4698. 4.2 Dimensional measurements and allowable deviations shall be measured using appropriate precision instruments. 4.3 The β transition temperature shall be determined according to GB/T 23605. 4.4 Ultrasonic testing shall be conducted according to methods agreed upon by the supplier and the purchaser. 4.5 Surface condition shall be assessed using a comparative test piece. 4.6 Appearance quality shall be inspected visually, and if necessary, measured with appropriate precision instruments.
5.1 검사 및 수락 5.1.1 Ingots shall be inspected by the supplier’s quality inspection department to ensure that the product quality meets the requirements of this standard and the contract (or purchase order). 5.1.2 The purchaser shall conduct retesting on the received products. If the retest results do not meet the requirements of this standard and the contract (or purchase order), the purchaser shall notify the supplier within three months from the date of receiving the products, and the issue shall be resolved through negotiation between the supplier and the purchaser. 5.2 Batching Products shall be submitted for acceptance in batches, with each batch consisting of ingots of the same grade. 5.3 Inspection Items Each ingot shall be inspected for chemical composition, dimensional measurements, surface condition, 그리고 외관 품질. Ultrasonic testing and β transition temperature testing shall also be conducted if specified in the contract. Other inspection items specified in the contract shall also be inspected. 5.4 Sampling Positions and Sample Sizes 5.4.1 The sampling of ingots shall comply with the requirements of Table 3.
테이블 3: Sampling Positions and Sample Sizes
| Inspection Item | Sampling Provision | Required Section | Section for Test Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| 화학 성분 | As per Section 5.4.2 | 3.2 | 4.1 |
| Dimensional Measurements and Allowable Deviations | Per ingot | 3.3 | 4.2 |
| β Transition Temperature | Per ingot, one sample from head or tail | 3.4 | 4.3 |
| Ultrasonic Testing | Per ingot | 3.5 | 4.4 |
| Surface Condition | Per ingot | 3.6 | 4.5 |
| 외관 품질 | Per ingot | 3.7 | 4.6 |
5.4.2 Sampling Procedure
For pure titanium ingots and titanium alloy round ingots with a diameter not exceeding 350 mm, samples shall be taken from one point on the side head of each ingot for chemical composition analysis. For titanium alloy round ingots with a diameter greater than 350 mm and alloy flat ingots, samples shall be taken from two points on the side head and tail of each ingot for chemical composition analysis.
The sampling positions should be within a range of 200 mm to 300 mm from both ends. At each sampling location, the casting surface should be removed by 5 mm to 7 mm first, and then samples should be taken using turning or drilling methods.
5.5 Inspection Result Determination
6.1 마킹
Each ingot and its outer packaging shall be clearly and securely marked with the supplier’s name, identification, 등급, 사양, and furnace number on the head and side (near the head end) of the ingot.
6.2 포장, Transportation, and Storage
6.3 품질 인증서
Each ingot shall be accompanied by a quality certificate containing:
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